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Dispatching Parallel Agents

Use when facing 2+ independent tasks that can be worked on without shared state or sequential dependencies

agent
By obra
241k21kUpdated 4 days agoShellMIT

Skill Content

# Dispatching Parallel Agents

## Overview

You delegate tasks to specialized agents with isolated context. By precisely crafting their instructions and context, you ensure they stay focused and succeed at their task. They should never inherit your session's context or history — you construct exactly what they need. This also preserves your own context for coordination work.

When you have multiple unrelated failures (different test files, different subsystems, different bugs), investigating them sequentially wastes time. Each investigation is independent and can happen in parallel.

**Core principle:** Dispatch one agent per independent problem domain. Let them work concurrently.

## When to Use

```dot
digraph when_to_use {
    "Multiple failures?" [shape=diamond];
    "Are they independent?" [shape=diamond];
    "Single agent investigates all" [shape=box];
    "One agent per problem domain" [shape=box];
    "Can they work in parallel?" [shape=diamond];
    "Sequential agents" [shape=box];
    "Parallel dispatch" [shape=box];

    "Multiple failures?" -> "Are they independent?" [label="yes"];
    "Are they independent?" -> "Single agent investigates all" [label="no - related"];
    "Are they independent?" -> "Can they work in parallel?" [label="yes"];
    "Can they work in parallel?" -> "Parallel dispatch" [label="yes"];
    "Can they work in parallel?" -> "Sequential agents" [label="no - shared state"];
}
```

**Use when:**
- 3+ test files failing with different root causes
- Multiple subsystems broken independently
- Each problem can be understood without context from others
- No shared state between investigations

**Don't use when:**
- Failures are related (fix one might fix others)
- Need to understand full system state
- Agents would interfere with each other

## The Pattern

### 1. Identify Independent Domains

Group failures by what's broken:
- File A tests: Tool approval flow
- File B tests: Batch completion behavior
- File C tests: Abort functionality

Each domain is independent - fixing tool approval doesn't affect abort tests.

### 2. Create Focused Agent Tasks

Each agent gets:
- **Specific scope:** One test file or subsystem
- **Clear goal:** Make these tests pass
- **Constraints:** Don't change other code
- **Expected output:** Summary of what you found and fixed

### 3. Dispatch in Parallel

Issue all three subagent dispatches in the same response — they run in parallel:

```text
Subagent (general-purpose): "Fix agent-tool-abort.test.ts failures"
Subagent (general-purpose): "Fix batch-completion-behavior.test.ts failures"
Subagent (general-purpose): "Fix tool-approval-race-conditions.test.ts failures"
# All three run concurrently.
```

Multiple dispatch calls in one response = parallel execution. One per response = sequential.

### 4. Review and Integrate

When agents return:
- Read each summary
- Verify fixes don't conflict
- Run full test suite
- Integrate all changes

## Agent Prompt Structure

Good agent prompts are:
1. **Focused** - One clear problem domain
2. **Self-contained** - All context needed to understand the problem
3. **Specific about output** - What should the agent return?

```markdown
Fix the 3 failing tests in src/agents/agent-tool-abort.test.ts:

1. "should abort tool with partial output capture" - expects 'interrupted at' in message
2. "should handle mixed completed and aborted tools" - fast tool aborted instead of completed
3. "should properly track pendingToolCount" - expects 3 results but gets 0

These are timing/race condition issues. Your task:

1. Read the test file and understand what each test verifies
2. Identify root cause - timing issues or actual bugs?
3. Fix by:
   - Replacing arbitrary timeouts with event-based waiting
   - Fixing bugs in abort implementation if found
   - Adjusting test expectations if testing changed behavior

Do NOT just increase timeouts - find the real issue.

Return: Summary of what you found and what you fixed.
```

## Common Mistakes

**❌ Too broad:** "Fix all the tests" - agent gets lost
**✅ Specific:** "Fix agent-tool-abort.test.ts" - focused scope

**❌ No context:** "Fix the race condition" - agent doesn't know where
**✅ Context:** Paste the error messages and test names

**❌ No constraints:** Agent might refactor everything
**✅ Constraints:** "Do NOT change production code" or "Fix tests only"

**❌ Vague output:** "Fix it" - you don't know what changed
**✅ Specific:** "Return summary of root cause and changes"

## When NOT to Use

**Related failures:** Fixing one might fix others - investigate together first
**Need full context:** Understanding requires seeing entire system
**Exploratory debugging:** You don't know what's broken yet
**Shared state:** Agents would interfere (editing same files, using same resources)

## Real Example from Session

**Scenario:** 6 test failures across 3 files after major refactoring

**Failures:**
- agent-tool-abort.test.ts: 3 failures (timing issues)
- batch-completion-behavior.test.ts: 2 failures (tools not executing)
- tool-approval-race-conditions.test.ts: 1 failure (execution count = 0)

**Decision:** Independent domains - abort logic separate from batch completion separate from race conditions

**Dispatch:**
```
Agent 1 → Fix agent-tool-abort.test.ts
Agent 2 → Fix batch-completion-behavior.test.ts
Agent 3 → Fix tool-approval-race-conditions.test.ts
```

**Results:**
- Agent 1: Replaced timeouts with event-based waiting
- Agent 2: Fixed event structure bug (threadId in wrong place)
- Agent 3: Added wait for async tool execution to complete

**Integration:** All fixes independent, no conflicts, full suite green

**Time saved:** 3 problems solved in parallel vs sequentially

## Key Benefits

1. **Parallelization** - Multiple investigations happen simultaneously
2. **Focus** - Each agent has narrow scope, less context to track
3. **Independence** - Agents don't interfere with each other
4. **Speed** - 3 problems solved in time of 1

## Verification

After agents return:
1. **Review each summary** - Understand what changed
2. **Check for conflicts** - Did agents edit same code?
3. **Run full suite** - Verify all fixes work together
4. **Spot check** - Agents can make systematic errors

## Real-World Impact

From debugging session (2025-10-03):
- 6 failures across 3 files
- 3 agents dispatched in parallel
- All investigations completed concurrently
- All fixes integrated successfully
- Zero conflicts between agent changes

How to use

  1. Copy the skill content above
  2. Create a .claude/skills directory in your project
  3. Save as .claude/skills/superpowers-dispatching-parallel-agents.md
  4. Use /superpowers-dispatching-parallel-agents in Claude Code to invoke this skill

README

View on GitHub

Superpowers

Superpowers is a complete software development methodology for your coding agents, built on top of a set of composable skills and some initial instructions that make sure your agent uses them.

We're Hiring!

We're hiring someone to help out full time with Superpowers community and code work. You can read about the job at https://primeradiant.com/jobs/superpowers-community-engineer/ If this sounds like someone you know, definitely send them our way.

Quickstart

Give your agent Superpowers: Claude Code, Antigravity, Codex App, Codex CLI, Cursor, Factory Droid, Gemini CLI, GitHub Copilot CLI, Kimi Code, OpenCode, Pi.

How it works

It starts from the moment you fire up your coding agent. As soon as it sees that you're building something, it doesn't just jump into trying to write code. Instead, it steps back and asks you what you're really trying to do.

Once it's teased a spec out of the conversation, it shows it to you in chunks short enough to actually read and digest.

After you've signed off on the design, your agent puts together an implementation plan that's clear enough for an enthusiastic junior engineer with poor taste, no judgement, no project context, and an aversion to testing to follow. It emphasizes true red/green TDD, YAGNI (You Aren't Gonna Need It), and DRY.

Next up, once you say "go", it launches a subagent-driven-development process, having agents work through each engineering task, inspecting and reviewing their work, and continuing forward. It's not uncommon for your agent to work autonomously for a couple hours at a time without deviating from the plan you put together.

There's a bunch more to it, but that's the core of the system. And because the skills trigger automatically, you don't need to do anything special. Your coding agent just has Superpowers.

Commercial Services

If you're using Superpowers in enterprise and could benefit from commercial support, additional tooling, or managed spending, please don't hesitate to drop us a line at sales@primeradiant.com.

Installation

Installation differs by harness. If you use more than one, install Superpowers separately for each one.

Claude Code

Superpowers is available via the official Claude plugin marketplace

Official Marketplace

  • Install the plugin from Anthropic's official marketplace:

    /plugin install superpowers@claude-plugins-official

Superpowers Marketplace

The Superpowers marketplace provides Superpowers and some other related plugins for Claude Code.

  • Register the marketplace:

    /plugin marketplace add obra/superpowers-marketplace

  • Install the plugin from this marketplace:

    /plugin install superpowers@superpowers-marketplace

Antigravity

Install Superpowers as a plugin from this repository:

agy plugin install https://github.com/obra/superpowers

Antigravity runs the plugin's session-start hook, so Superpowers is active from the first message. Reinstall with the same command to update.

Codex App

Superpowers is available via the official Codex plugin marketplace.

  • In the Codex app, click on Plugins in the sidebar.
  • You should see Superpowers in the Coding section.
  • Click the + next to Superpowers and follow the prompts.

Codex CLI

Superpowers is available via the official Codex plugin marketplace.

  • Open the plugin search interface:

    /plugins

  • Search for Superpowers:

    superpowers

  • Select Install Plugin.

Cursor

  • In Cursor Agent chat, install from marketplace:

    /add-plugin superpowers

  • Or search for "superpowers" in the plugin marketplace.

Factory Droid

  • Register the marketplace:

    droid plugin marketplace add https://github.com/obra/superpowers

  • Install the plugin:

    droid plugin install superpowers@superpowers

Gemini CLI

  • Install the extension:

    gemini extensions install https://github.com/obra/superpowers

  • Update later:

    gemini extensions update superpowers

GitHub Copilot CLI

  • Register the marketplace:

    copilot plugin marketplace add obra/superpowers-marketplace

  • Install the plugin:

    copilot plugin install superpowers@superpowers-marketplace

Kimi Code

Superpowers is available in Kimi Code's plugin marketplace.

  • Open Kimi Code's plugin manager:

    /plugins

  • Go to Marketplace > Superpowers and install it.

  • Or install directly from this repository:

    /plugins install https://github.com/obra/superpowers

  • Detailed docs: docs/README.kimi.md

OpenCode

OpenCode uses its own plugin install; install Superpowers separately even if you already use it in another harness.

  • Tell OpenCode:

    Fetch and follow instructions from https://raw.githubusercontent.com/obra/superpowers/refs/heads/main/.opencode/INSTALL.md

  • Detailed docs: docs/README.opencode.md

Pi

Install Superpowers as a Pi package from this repository:

pi install git:github.com/obra/superpowers

For local development, run Pi with this checkout loaded as a temporary package:

pi -e /path/to/superpowers

The Pi package loads the Superpowers skills and a small extension that injects the using-superpowers bootstrap at session startup and again after compaction. Pi has native skills, so no compatibility Skill tool is required. Subagent and task-list tools remain optional Pi companion packages.

The Basic Workflow

  1. brainstorming - Activates before writing code. Refines rough ideas through questions, explores alternatives, presents design in sections for validation. Saves design document.

  2. using-git-worktrees - Activates after design approval. Creates isolated workspace on new branch, runs project setup, verifies clean test baseline.

  3. writing-plans - Activates with approved design. Breaks work into bite-sized tasks (2-5 minutes each). Every task has exact file paths, complete code, verification steps.

  4. subagent-driven-development or executing-plans - Activates with plan. Dispatches fresh subagent per task with two-stage review (spec compliance, then code quality), or executes in batches with human checkpoints.

  5. test-driven-development - Activates during implementation. Enforces RED-GREEN-REFACTOR: write failing test, watch it fail, write minimal code, watch it pass, commit. Deletes code written before tests.

  6. requesting-code-review - Activates between tasks. Reviews against plan, reports issues by severity. Critical issues block progress.

  7. finishing-a-development-branch - Activates when tasks complete. Verifies tests, presents options (merge/PR/keep/discard), cleans up worktree.

The agent checks for relevant skills before any task. Mandatory workflows, not suggestions.

What's Inside

Skills Library

Testing

  • test-driven-development - RED-GREEN-REFACTOR cycle (includes testing anti-patterns reference)

Debugging

  • systematic-debugging - 4-phase root cause process (includes root-cause-tracing, defense-in-depth, condition-based-waiting techniques)
  • verification-before-completion - Ensure it's actually fixed

Collaboration

  • brainstorming - Socratic design refinement
  • writing-plans - Detailed implementation plans
  • executing-plans - Batch execution with checkpoints
  • dispatching-parallel-agents - Concurrent subagent workflows
  • requesting-code-review - Pre-review checklist
  • receiving-code-review - Responding to feedback
  • using-git-worktrees - Parallel development branches
  • finishing-a-development-branch - Merge/PR decision workflow
  • subagent-driven-development - Fast iteration with two-stage review (spec compliance, then code quality)

Meta

  • writing-skills - Create new skills following best practices (includes testing methodology)
  • using-superpowers - Introduction to the skills system

Philosophy

  • Test-Driven Development - Write tests first, always
  • Systematic over ad-hoc - Process over guessing
  • Complexity reduction - Simplicity as primary goal
  • Evidence over claims - Verify before declaring success

Read the original release announcement.

Contributing

The general contribution process for Superpowers is below. Keep in mind that we don't generally accept contributions of new skills and that any updates to skills must work across all of the coding agents we support.

  1. Fork the repository
  2. Switch to the 'dev' branch
  3. Create a branch for your work
  4. Follow the writing-skills skill for creating and testing new and modified skills
  5. Submit a PR, being sure to fill in the pull request template.

Skill-behavior tests use the drill eval harness from superpowers-evals, cloned into evals/ — see evals/README.md for setup. Plugin-infrastructure tests live at tests/ and run via the relevant run-*.sh or npm test.

See skills/writing-skills/SKILL.md for the complete guide.

Updating

Superpowers updates are somewhat coding-agent dependent, but are often automatic.

License

MIT License - see LICENSE file for details

Visual companion telemetry

Because skills and plugins don't provide any feedback to creators, we have no idea how many of you are using Superpowers. By default, the Prime Radiant logo on brainstorming's optional visual companion feature is loaded from our website. It includes the version of Superpowers in use. It does not include any details about your project, prompt, or coding agent. We don't see your clicks or anything about what you're building. This helps us have a rough idea of how many folks are using Superpowers and which version of Superpowers they're using. It's 100% optional. To disable this, set the environment variable SUPERPOWERS_DISABLE_TELEMETRY to any true value. Superpowers also honors Claude Code's DISABLE_TELEMETRY and CLAUDE_CODE_DISABLE_NONESSENTIAL_TRAFFIC opt-outs.

Community

Superpowers is built by Jesse Vincent and the rest of the folks at Prime Radiant.

View source on GitHub

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